بررسی برنامۀ درسی آموزش جغرافیا در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکتری جغرافیا و کارشناس برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی در جغرافیا

چکیده

سابقۀ برنامه­ریزی درسی در دنیا به بیش از یک  قرن می­رسد، اما این رشته در ایران عمری بیش از چند دهه ندارد. با این حال در همین عمر کوتاه توانسته است جایگاه و مؤثر بودن خود را در بین همۀ علوم نظری باز نماید و مهمترین نقشی که داشته است تعیین  مرز میان دانش و آموزش هر یک علوم بوده است. از جمله در رشتۀ علمی جغرافیا با همه تفاوت­ها و شباهت­هایی که با سایر علوم دارد این مرزبندی توانسته است گوشه­ای از توانایی­های ذاتی آن را آشکارتر نماید. بر اساس یافته­های تحقیق که با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی از اسناد مختلف به دست آمده است، می­توانیم آموزش جغرافیا در ایران را به قبل از دارالفنون و بعد از دارالفنون تقسیم­بندی کنیم. اما از آنجاییکه که حتی در دورۀ دارالفنون، جغرافیا به عنوان یک رشته مستقل مطرح نبوده و عمدتاً در کنار رشته­های دیگر به وسیله معلم­های دیگر مورد توجه قرار می­گرفته است، سابقۀ تولید برنامۀ درسی جغرافیا را به طور علمی می­توان به 70 سال قبل یعنی زمانی که آموزش و پرورش نوین ایران شکل گرفت نزدیک کرد. با این حال، تا حدود سال 1375 آموزش جغرافیا در ایران با تأکید بر شیوه­های توصیفی انجام می­شد تا اینکه در این سال هم­پای با شکل­گیری جریانی از برنامه­ریزی درسی به شکل علمی و مدون در نظام آموزشی، نوعی رفرم در تولید برنامه­های درسی مدون شکل گرفت و به این صورت اولین سند برنامه­ریزی درسی جغرافیا در  این سال تولید شد و از دل این برنامه درسی متناسب با دوره­های تحصیلی و پایه­های تحصیلی، برنامه­های دیگری استخراج شد و آموزش جغرافیا به عنوان یک رویکرد جدید در آموزش­های رسمی ایران شکل گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A study of geography education curriculum in Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Medhi Choobineh
PhD in Geography and Expert in Educational Planning in Geography
چکیده [English]

The history of curriculum planning in the world reaches more than a century, but this field in Iran is not more than a few decades old. However, in this short life, it has been able to open its position and effectiveness among all theoretical sciences and the most important role it has played has been to define the boundary between knowledge and education of each science. For example, in the field of geography, with all the differences and similarities with other sciences, this demarcation has been able to reveal a part of its inherent abilities. Based on the research findings obtained from the descriptive-analytical method of various documents, we can divide geography education in Iran into pre-Dar al-Fonun and post-Dar al-Fonun. However, since geography was not considered as an independent discipline even in the period of Dar al-Fonun and was mainly considered by other teachers along with other disciplines, the history of producing geography curriculum can be scientifically traced back to 70 years ago. The time came when the new education of Iran was formed. However, until about 1996, geography education in Iran was done with an emphasis on descriptive methods, until this year, along with the formation of a stream of scientific and codified curriculum planning in the educational system, a kind of reform in the production of programs A codified lesson was formed and In this way, the first geography curriculum planning document was produced this year, and other programs were extracted from the heart of this curriculum in accordance with the courses and educational levels And geography education was formed as a new approach in official Iranian education.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The history of curriculum planning in the world reaches more than a century
  • but this field in Iran is not more than a few decades old. However
  • in this short life
  • it has been able to open its position and effectiveness among all theoretical sciences and the most important role it has played has been to define the boundary between knowledge and education of each science. For example
  • in the field of geography
  • with all the differences and similarities with other sciences
  • this demarcation has been able to reveal a part of its inherent abilities. Based on the research findings obtained from the descriptive-analytical method of various documents
  • we can divide geography education in Iran into pre-Dar al-Fonun and post-Dar al-Fonun. However
  • since geography was not considered as an independent discipline even in the period of Dar al-Fonun and was mainly considered by other teachers along with other disciplines
  • the history of producing geography curriculum can be scientifically traced back to 70 years ago. The time came when the new education of Iran was formed. However
  • until about 1996
  • geography education in Iran was done with an emphasis on descriptive methods
  • until this year
  • along with the formation of a stream of scientific and codified curriculum planning in the educational system
  • a kind of reform in the production of programs A codified lesson was formed and In this way
  • the first geography curriculum planning document was produced this year
  • and other programs were extracted from the heart of this curriculum in accordance with the courses and educational levels And geography education was formed as a new approach in official Iranian education